Mangrove trees have special
adaptations that allow them to grow in Florida’s subtropical tidelands, where no
other tress can grow. Like many wetland plants, they have mechanisms for
delivering oxygen to flooded roots. In addition, their roots may exclude some
salt and their leaves may excrete it. The seeds of mangroves grow into floating
plants before they are dropped.
The 4 mangrove species that grow in Florida are found in the community type and tidal zone that best fits their adaptations. Red mangroves with their tall prop roots are most frequently found in the fringe communities and the most seaward tidal zone. Black mangroves with their shorter pneumatophores and higher tolerance of salt and H2S are found further up the tidal zone in more stagnant basin communities. White mangroves usually don’t display either prop roots or pneumatophores (peg roots) and they grow even further up the tidal zone. Buttonwoods are the least salt tolerant and they grow at the interface of upland ecosystems like the tropical hardwood hammock.
The mangrove forest provides habitat for animals both above and below the water. They are important habitat for seven endangered species and a multitude of more common invertebrates, fish, reptiles, birds and mammals. Leaves that drop into the water feed a food web starting with fungi, bacteria, and invertebrates that may end with shrimp, lobster and snapper on our dinner plates. Many people contribute to Florida’s tourist economy visiting mangroves just to observe the abundant wildlife.
Mangroves also help to protect and stabilize Florida’s shoreline. The benefits of the mangrove ecosystem and their susceptibility to human impacts are now better understood, appreciated, and protected.
Environmental factors and adaptations
