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Sycamore, also called American planetree, buttonball tree, or buttonwood, is a common shade tree throughout much of the eastern United States. It is one of the largest broadleaf tree species in North America. It's distinctive, scaling bark and large, hand-like leaves make it easy to spot. Although not a significant wildlife tree, some species benefit from sycamore trees, including songbirds like finches and juncos that eat the seeds. Beaver, squirrel, and muskrat also consume the fruits and white-tailed deer occasionally browse on the vegetation. Many cavity-nesting birds, such as owls, flycatchers, and chimney swifts, inhabit the nearly hollow trunks of older trees. Wood ducks are known to build nests in the old tree |
![]() Twigs, leaves, and fruit |
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trunks and some species of bats use sycamores as nursery trees. The roots of the trees intertwine and help to stabilize soils, so sycamores are often grown to minimize erosion, especially along stream banks. They are useful in reclamation sites, due to the trees' tolerance to saturated soils, or acidic conditions. In Florida, sycamores have been planted over phosphate mining sites. The trees are susceptible to damage from high winds, ice, pollutants in the air. and a variety of insects and diseases and may suffer from scorched bark in fire-prone areas. |
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| Identifying Characteristics | ||
Size/Form: |
Sycamore is a large, massively spreading, deciduous tree that commonly grows to a height of 100' and rarely to heights of 150' to 170' and has an open, somewhat irregular crown. | |
Leaves: |
The leaves are simple, alternate, broadly oval and palmately lobed, with shallow sinuses. The leaf base is flat, or heart-shaped, while the apex tapers to a long point. The margins are wavy and dentate. The leaves have a light green, smooth upper surface and hair along the veins underneath. Leaves turn brown or red in the fall. The petiole is stout and hollow and there are conspicuous, leafy stipules along the twigs. | |
Fruit: |
The fruit is a persistent, spherical head, about 1" in diameter, of yellowish-brown achenes. The cluster is on a slender stalk, about 3" to 6" long. | |
Bark: |
The bark is thin and creamy white at first, but becomes brownish and mottled with deciduous, plate-like scales as the tree ages. These plates fall off to reveal whitish-green inner bark. The base of old trees appears furrowed and scaly. | |
Habitat: |
Sycamore grows best on moist, rich soil margins of streams and lakes, or on rich bottomlands. It is commonly found in lowlands and old fields. | |
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![]() Fall color |
![]() Leaf |
![]() Fruit |
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