Restoration and Hurricanes Resources

Research and Refereed Journal Articles

• Native tree species and palms were wind resistant in Dade County communities. Pruned trees fared better than unpruned and fruit trees.
  Duryea, M. L., G. M. Blakeslee, W. G. Hubbard, and R. A. Vasquez. 1996. Wind and trees: a survey of homeowners after hurricane Andrew. Journal of Arboriculture 22: 44–50.  [PDF]
• The use of a plant growth stimulant to maintain garden health, resulted in rapid recovery from hurricane winds, and increased growth rates in Miami, Florida.
  Hull, D. L. 1996. Facilitation of hurricane recovery in Miami. Principes 40: 208–211. 
• The impacts of Hurricane Andrew were evident in three Florida counties (Dade, Monroe and Collier). A look at the hurricane’s effects on vegetation, rare plants, wildlife, and exotic plants as they relate to these counties is discussed.
  Loope, L., M. Duever, A. Herndon, J. Snyder, and D. Jansen. 1994. Hurricane impact on uplands and freshwater swamp forest. BioScience 44(4): 238–246. [PDF]
• Savannas pines are resistant to hurricanes. Mortality of trees increase with tree diameter in old-growth pine stands, where as, in second-growth stands, smaller trees were negatively affected.
  Platt, W. J., R. F. Doren, and T. V. Armentano. 2000. Effects of hurricane Andrew on stands of slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. densa) in the everglades region of south Florida (USA). Plant Ecology 146(1): 43–60. [PDF]
• Resources focused outside of Florida

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Cooperative Extension and Government Publications

• Urban Forest Hurricane Recovery Program series
• Chapter 1 - Cleaning Up After a Hurricane: Safety Comes First! [PDF]
• Chapter 2 - Cleaning Up after a Hurricane: Get the Right Tree Care Professional [PDF]
• Chapter 3 - Assessing Hurricane-Damaged Trees and Deciding What to Do [PDF]
• Chapter 4 - Restoring Trees after a Hurricane [PDF]
• Chapter 5 - Wind and Trees: Lessons Learned from Hurricanes [PDF]
• Chapter 6 - Design Solutions for a More Wind-Resistant Urban Forest [PDF]
• Chapter 7 - Choosing Suitable Trees for Urban and Suburban Sites: Site Evaluation and Species Selection [PDF]
• Chapter 8: Selecting Coastal Plain Species for Wind Resistance [PDF]
• Chapter 9. Selecting Tropical and Subtropical Tree Species for Wind Resistance [PDF]
• Chapter 10 - Selecting Quality Trees from the Nursery [PDF]
• Chapter 11. Planting and Establishing Trees [PDF]
• Chapter 12 - Developing a Preventative Pruning Program: Young Trees [PDF]
• Chapter 13 - Developing a Preventative Pruning Program: Mature Trees [PDF]
• Chapter 14 - Developing an Urban Forest Management Plan for Hurricane-Prone Communities [PDF]
• Programa de Recuperacin del Bosque Urbano Afectado por Huracanes
• Capítulo 1 - Limpieza Después de un Huracán:¡La Seguridad es Primordial! [PDF]
• Capítulo 2 - Limpieza Después de un Huracán: Consiga el profesional Correcto para el Cuidado de los Árboles [PDF]
• Enhancing the ecosystem’s structure, creating multi-age ecosystems in multiple stages of succession, controlling invasive species, planting native species, and leaving vegetation to improve nutrient cycling and wildlife diversity are ways to restore an urban ecosystem.
  Binelli, E. K. 2000. Chapter 3: Biodiversity and the Restoration of the Urban Forest Ecosystem (Circular 1266). Gainesville FL: School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. [PDF]
• Common words used to describe urban forests and restoration.
  Binelli, E. K., M. L. Duryea, and L. V. Korhnak. 2000. Chapter 10: Glossary of Terms for Restoring the Urban Forest Ecosystem (Circular 1266). Gainesville FL: School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. [PDF]  
• The importance of natural disturbances and succession in urban forest management are discussed.
  Binelli, E. K., H. L. Gholz, and M. L. Duryea. 2000. Chapter 4: Plant Succession and Disturbances in the Urban Forest Ecosystem (Circular 1266). Gainesville FL: School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. [PDF]
• Some tips for protecting damaged trees, lawn, and plants are discussed.
  Black, R. J. 2000. Caring for Hurricane-Damaged Home Landscape Plants (ENH 110). Gainesville FL: Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. [PDF]
• A tree’s placement, root system, and branch and trunk strength influence its resistance to severe wind storms.
  Burch, D. 2003. How to Minimize Wind Damage in the South Florida Garden (ENH 64). Gainesville FL: Department of Environmental Horticulture, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. [PDF]
• The restoration process includes an assessment of present condition, soil health, and determining the steps necessary to restore the site.
  Coder, K. D. 2000. Chapter 7: Site Assessment and Soil Improvement (Circular 1266). Gainesville FL: School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. [PDF]
• A historic overview of invasive plants and ways to manage them in natural areas.
  Dozier, H. 2000. Chapter 9: Invasive Plants and the Restoration of the Urban Forest Ecosystem (Circular 1266). Gainesville FL: School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Florida Cooperative Extension Service,
  Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. [PDF]
• Observations indicated that Carolina laurel cherry and sand pine were found to be the least wind-resistant species while the native dogwood, sabal palm, live oak, sand live oak, and southern magnolia were most resistant to strong hurricane winds.
  Duryea, M. L. 1997. Wind and Trees: Surveys of Tree Damage in the Florida Panhandle after Hurricanes Erin and Opal (Circular 1183). Gainesville FL: School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. [PDF]  
• An overview of how community involvement and a restoration plan can lead to successful projects.
  Duryea, M. 2000. Chapter 1: Restoring the Urban Forest Ecosystem: An Introduction (Circular 1266). Gainesville FL: School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. [PDF]
• Opportunities for managing urban forest ecosystems to provide multiple ecological benefits to communities and cities are discussed.
  Duryea, M. L., E. K. Binelli, and H. L. Gholz. 2000. Chapter 2: Basic Ecological Principles for Restoration (Circular 1266). Gainesville FL: School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. [PDF]
• Suggestions for selecting wind resistant trees, proper care and management before and after a hurricane, assessing damage, and safety tips are discussed.
  Gilman, E. F., M. L. Duryea, E. Kämpf, T. J. Partin, A. Delgado, and C. J. Lehtola. 2006. Assessing Damage and Restoring Trees after a Hurricane (ENH1036). Gainesville FL: Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. [PDF]
• Se presentan criterios para seleccionar especies resistentes a vientos, cuidado adecuado, y manejo antes y después de un huracán, así como asesoramiento de daños. También se presentan recomendaciones para la seguridad de propietarios.
  Gilman, E. F., M. L. Duryea, E. Kämpf, T. J. Partin, A. Delgado, and C. J. Lehtola. 2006. Evaluacion del Daño y Restauración de los Arboles despues de un Huracán (ENH1036). Gainesville FL: El Departamento de Horticultura Ambiental, el Servicio de Extensión Cooperativa de la Florida y el Instituto de Alimentos y Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad de la Florida. [PDF]
• The components of an effective urban ecosystem restoration plan are reviewed.
  Hubbard, W. G. 2000. Chapter 5: Developing a Restoration Plan That Works (Circular 1266). Gainesville FL: School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. [PDF]  
• The effects of landscape alteration, urbanization, and non-point source pollution on urban ecosystem hydrologic function can be minimized by urban forests.
  Korhnak, L. K. 2000. Chapter 6: Restoring the Hydrological Cycle in the Urban Forest Ecosystem (Circular 1266). Gainesville FL: School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. [PDF]  
• Resources focused outside of Florida

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General Articles

• Suggestions for recovering downed and injured trees following a hurricane.
  American Forests. 2005. Help for gulf coast trees. American Forests 111(3): 13. [PDF]
• South Florida slash pine successfully rebound from hurricane winds, but face a decline in population from pine bark beetles and pine weevils.
  Dewar, H. 1993. In a hurricane’s wake. Garbage 5(5): 24–25. [PDF]
• Resources focused outside of Florida

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